What crucial information does the vaccine lot number provide?

The vaccine lot number serves as a critical identifier that links a specific batch of vaccine to its production history, quality control measures, and distribution. This information is crucial when it comes to monitoring vaccine safety. If there are reports of adverse events or concerns raised about a specific batch, the lot number allows public health officials and healthcare providers to quickly identify that batch for recall or further investigation. This process helps ensure patient safety and rapid response to any potential issues associated with a particular vaccine.

While the other options may seem relevant, they do not directly relate to the primary function of a vaccine lot number. It does not provide patient personal information, expiration date, or manufacturer's contact details, which are important but do not have the same immediate implications for safety monitoring and recall procedures as the lot number does.